| 10286 | John S. Kominoski, and Catherine M. Pringle | 2009 | Resource–consumer diversity: testing the effects of leaf litter species diversity on stream macroinvertebrate communities | Kominoski, J.S., Pringle, C.M. 2009. Resource-consumer diversity: testing the effects of leaf litter species diversity on stream macroinvertebrate communities. Freshwater Biology. 54: 1461–1473 | Journal Article | 1. Understanding relationships between resource and consumer diversity is essential to predicting how changes in resource diversity might affect several trophic levels and overall ecosystem functioning.
2. We tested for the effects of leaf litter species diversity (i.e. litter mixing) on litter mass remaining and macroinvertebrate communities (taxon diversity, abundance and biomass) during breakdown in a detritus-based headwater stream (North Carolina, U.S.A.).
| 10288 | John S. Kominoski, Timothy J. Hoellein, John J. Kelly and Catherine M. Pringle | 2009 | Does mixing litter of different qualities alter stream microbial diversity and functioning on individual litter species? | Kominoski, J.S., Hoellein, T.J., Kelly, J.J., Pringle, C.M. 2009. Does mixing litter of different qualities alter stream microbial diversity and functioning on individual litter species? Oikos. 118: 457 - 463 | Journal Article | We examined effects of leaf litter quality and species mixing on microbial community diversity and litter processing in a
forested headwater stream. Single- and mixed-species litter from dominant tree species (Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer
rubrum, Quercus prinus, Rhododendron maximum) were incubated in a southern Appalachian headwater stream. Litter
carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (C:N), mass loss, microbial respiration, and microbial community diversity were analyzed on
individual litter species after incubation.
| 10293 | J.P. Skyfield, G.D. Grossman | 2009 | Quantifying microhabitat availability: stratified random versus constrained focal-fish methods | Skyfield, J.P., Grossman, G.D. 2009. Quantifying microhabitat availability: stratified random versus constrained focal-fish methods. Hydrobiologia 624: 235-240. | Journal Article | During a study of microhabitat use by gilt darters (Percina evides), we compared two methods for quantifying microhabitat availability in a southern Appalachian stream (USA). The first method used stratified random sampling throughout the site and the
second involved taking constrained random measurements within a 2-m radius of the focal fish.
| 10295 | Becky A. Ball, Mark A. Bradford, and Mark D. Hunter | 2009 | Nitrogen and Phosphorus Release from Mixed Litter Layers is Lower than Predicted from Single Species Decay | Ball, B.A., Bradford, M.A. 2009. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Release from Mixed Litter Layers is Lower than Predicted from Single Species Decay. Ecosystems 12: 87-100 | Journal Article | Ecosystem-level nutrient dynamics during decomposition are often estimated from litter monocultures. If species effects are additive, we can statistically predict nutrient dynamics in multispecies systems from monoculture work, and potential consequences of species loss. However, if species effects are dependent on interactions with other litter species (that is, non-additive), predictions based on monoculture data will likely be inaccurate.
| 10296 | Becky A. Ball, Mark A. Bradford, Dave C. Coleman, Mark D. Hunter | 2009 | Linkages between below and aboveground communities: Decomposer responses to simulated tree species loss are largely additive | Ball, B.A., Bradford, M.A., Coleman, D.C., Hunter, M.D. 2009. Linkages between below and aboveground communities: Decomposer responses to simulated tree species loss are largely additive. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 40: 155-1163. | Journal Article | Inputs of aboveground plant litter influence the abundance and activities of belowground decomposerbiota. Litter-mixing studies have examined whether the diversity and heterogeneity of litter inputs affect decomposer communities inways that can be predicted from monocultures. They have mainly attempted to detect non-additive effects of litter mixing, although individual species effects (additivity) as well as species interactions (non-additivity) may alter decomposition rates.
| 10302 | James M. Dyer | 2009 | Assessing topographic patterns in moisture use and stress using a water balance approach | Dyer, J.M. 2009. Assessing topographic patterns in moisture use and stress using a water balance approach. Landscape Ecol 24:391-403. | Journal Article | Through its control on soil moisture patterns, topography's role in influencing forest composition is widely recognized. This study addresses shortcomings in traditional moisture indices by employing a water balance approach, incorporating topographic and edaphic variability to assess fine-scale moisture demand and moisture availability. Using GIS and readily available data, evapotranspiration and moisture stress are modeled at a fine spatial scale at two study areas in the US (Ohio and North Carolina).
| 10305 | Robert O. Hall, Jr., Jennifer L. Tank, Daniel J. Sobota, Patrick J. Mulholland, Jonathan M.O’Brien, Walter K. Dodds, Jackson R. Webster, H. Maurice Valett, Geoffrey C. Poole, Bruce J. Peterson, Judy L. Meyer, William H. McDowell, Sherri L. Johnson, Stephen K. Hamilton, Nancy B. Grimm, Stanley V. Gregory, Clifford N. Dahm, Lee W. Cooper, Linda R. Ashkenas, Suzanne M. Thomas, Richard W. Sheibley, Jody D. Potter, B. R. Niederlehner, Laura T. Johnson, Ashley M. Helton, Chelsea M. Crenshaw, Amy J. Burgin, Melody J. Bernot, Jake J. Beaulieu, and Clay P. Arango | 2009 | Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by 15N addition experiments: Total uptake | Hall, R.O., et all. 2009. Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by 15N addition experiments: Total uptake. Limnol. Oceanogr. 54(3): 653-665. | Journal Article | We measured uptake length of 15NO{3 in 72 streams in eight regions across the United States and Puerto Rico
to develop quantitative predictive models on controls of NO{3 uptake length. As part of the Lotic Intersite
Nitrogen eXperiment II project, we chose nine streams in each region corresponding to natural (reference),
suburban–urban, and agricultural land uses.
| 10306 | Ines Ibanez, James S. Clark and Michael C. Dietze | 2009 | Estimating colonization potential of migrant tree species | Ibanez, I., Clark, J.S., Dietze, M.C. 2009. Estimating colonization potential of migrant tree species. Global Change Biology. 15: 1173-1188 | Journal Article | Plant populations migrating in response to climate change will have to colonize established communities. Even if a population disperses to a new region with a favorable climate, interactions with other species may prevent its establishment and further
spread. The potential of these species to grow along with residents will be a critical factor controlling their response to climate change.
| 10391 | James S. Clark | 2009 | Beyond neutral science | James S. Clark. 2009. Beyond Neutral Science. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 24 (1): 8-15 | Journal Article | Biodiversity science is unusual in that an emerging paradigm is not based on a specific process, but rather depends largely on stochastic elements, perceived as neutral forces. Here I suggest that these forces, which have been justified, in part, by the concepts of symmetry and equalizing mechanisms, have application to the understanding of stochastic models but do not constitute forces that operate in nature.
| 10392 | T. C. Hales, C. R. Ford, T. Hwang, J. M. Vose and L. E. Band | 2009 | Topographic and ecologic controls on root reinforcement | Hales, T., Ford, C., Hwang, T., Vose, J., Band, L. Topographic and ecologic controls on root reinforcement. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114: F03013 | Journal Article | Shallow landslides are a significant hazard in steep, soil-mantled landscapes. During intense rainfall events, the distribution of shallow landslides is controlled by variations in landscape gradient, the frictional and cohesive properties of soil and roots, and the subsurface hydrologic response. While gradients can be estimated from digital elevation models, information on soil and root properties remains sparse.
| 10310 | Patrick J. Mulholland, Robert O. Hall, Jr., Daniel J. Sobota, Walter K. Dodds, Stuart E. G.Findlay, Nancy B. Grimm, Stephen K. Hamilton, William H. McDowell, Jonathan M. O’Brien, Jennifer L. Tank, Linda R. Ashkenas, Lee W. Cooper, Clifford N. Dahm, Stanley V. Gregory, Sherri L. Johnson, Judy L. Meyer, Bruce J. Peterson, Geoffrey C. Poole, H. Maurice Valett, Jackson R. Webster, Clay P. Arango, Jake J. Beaulieu, Melody J. Bernot, Amy J. Burgin, Chelsea L. Crenshaw, Ashley M. Helton, Laura T. Johnson, B. R. Niederlehner, Jody D. Potter, Richard W. Sheibley, and Suzanne M. Thomas | 2009 | Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by 15N addition experiments: Denitrification | Mulholland, P.J. 2009. Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by 15N addition experiments: Denitrification. Limnol. Oceanogr., 54(3): 666–680 | Journal Article | We measured denitrification rates using a field 15N–NO{3 tracer-addition approach in a large, cross-site study of nitrate uptake in reference, agricultural, and suburban–urban streams. We measured denitrification rates in 49 of 72 streams studied. Uptake length due to denitrification (Swden) ranged from 89 m to 184 km (median of 9050 m) and there were no significant differences among regions or land-use categories
| 10311 | Joy M. O’Keefe, Susan C. Loeb, J. Drew Lanham, Hoke S. Hill Jr. | 2009 | Macrohabitat factors affect day roost selection by eastern red bats and eastern pipistrelles in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA | O'Keefe, J.M., Loeb, S.C., Lanham, J.D. Hill, H.S. 2009. Macrohabitat factors affect day roost selection by eastern red bats and eastern pipistrelles in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. Forest Ecology and Management, 257: 2868-1763. | Journal Article | Although roost sites are critically important to bats,we have few data on macrohabitat factors that affect roost selection by foliage-roosting bats. Such data are needed so that forest managers can make informed decisions regarding conservation of bat roosts. Our objective was to examine roost selection by nonreproductive eastern pipistrelles (Perimyotis subflavus) and red bats (Lasiurus borealis) in a dense deciduous forest undergoing low-intensity timbermanagement in the southern Appalachian Mountains
of western North Carolina, USA.
| 10318 | Michael S. Strickland, Christian Lauber, Noah Fierer, and Mark A. Bradford | 2009 | Testing the functional significance of microbial community composition | Strickland, M.S., Lauber C., Fierer, N, Bradford, M.A. 2009. Testing the functional significance of microbial community composition. Ecology, 90(2): 441-451. | Journal Article | A critical assumption underlying terrestrial ecosystem models is that soil microbial communities, when placed in a common environment, will function in an identical manner regardless of the composition of that community. Given high species diversity in
microbial communities and the ability of microbes to adapt rapidly to new conditions, this assumption of functional redundancy seems plausible.
| 10319 | Michael S. Strickland, Ernest Osburn, Christian Lauber, Noah Fierer and Mark A. Bradford | 2009 | Litter quality is in the eye of the beholder: initial decomposition rates as a function of inoculum characteristics | Strickland, M.S., Osburn, E., Lauber, C., Fierer, N., Bradford, M.A. 2009. Litter quality is in the eye of the beholder: initial decomposition rates as a function of inoculum characteristics. Functional Ecology. | Journal Article | 1.The chemical composition of plant litter is commonly considered to indicate its quality as a resource for decomposer organisms. Litter quality, defined in this way, has been shown to be a major determinant of litter decomposition rates both within and across terrestrial ecosystems. Notably, the structure of the microbial community that is directly responsible for primary decomposition is
rarely considered as an empirical predictor of litter decay rates.
| 10320 | Nina Wurzburger and Ronald L. Hendrick | 2009 | Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Plant litter chemistry and mycorrhizal roots promote a nitrogen feedback in a temperate forest | Wurzburger, N., Hendrick, R.L. 2009. Mechanisms driving understory evergreen herb distributions across slope aspects: as derived from landscape position. Journal of Ecology | Jornal Article | 1. Relationships between mycorrhizal plants and soil nitrogen (N) have led to the speculation that the chemistry of plant litter and the saprotrophy of mycorrhizal symbionts can function together to closely couple the N cycle between plants and soils. We hypothesized that a tannin-rich, ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) plant promotes the retention of protein–tannin N in soil, and that this N source is accessible to saprotrophic ERM symbionts and their hosts, but remains less available to co-occurring ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbionts and their hosts.
| 10322 | April E. Nuckolls, Nina Wurzburger, Chelcy R. Ford, Ronald L. Hendrick, James M. Vose, and Brian D. Kloeppel | 2009 | Hemlock Declines Rapidly with Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestation: Impacts on the Carbon Cycle of Southern Appalachian Forests | Nuckolls, April E.; Wurzburger, Nina; Ford, Chelcy R.; Hendrick, Ronald L.; Vose, James M.; Kloeppel, Brian D. 2009. Hemlock declines rapidly with hemlock woolly adelgid infestation: impacts on the carbon cycle of southern Appalachian forests. Ecosystems. 12: 179-190. | Journal Article | The recent infestation of southern Appalachian eastern hemlock stands by hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) is expected to have dramatic and lasting effects on forest structure and function. We studied the short-term changes to the carbon cycle in a mixed stand of hemlock and hardwoods, where hemlock was declining due to either girdling or HWA infestation.
| 10329 | Jason E. Nedlo, Timothy A. Martin, James M. Vose, Robert O. Teskey | 2009 | Growing season temperatures limit growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings across a wide geographic transect | Nedlo, J.E., Martin, T.A., Vose, J.M., Teskey, R.O. 2009. Growing season temperatures limit growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings across a wide geographic transect. Springer-Verlag | Journal Article | We grew potted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings from a single provenance under well watered and fertilized conditions at four locations along a 610 km north–south transect that spanned most of the species range to examine how differences in the above-ground environment would affect growth rate, biomass partitioning and gas exchange characteristics.
| 10331 | John T. Walker, James M. Vose, Jennifer Knoepp, Christopher D. Geron | 2009 | Recovery of Nitrogen Pools and Processes in Degraded Riparian Zones in the Southern Appalachians | Walker, J.T., Vose, J.M., Knoepp, J., Geron, C.D. 2009. Recovery of Nitrogen Pools and Processes in Degraded Riparian Zones in the Southern Appalachians. Journal Enviormental Quality, 38:1391-1399. | Journal Article | Establishment of riparian buff ers is an eff ective method for reducing nutrient input to streams. However, the underlying
biogeochemical processes are not fully understood. The objective of this 4-yr study was to examine the eff ects of riparian
zone restoration on soil N cycling mechanisms in a mountain pasture previously degraded by cattle.
| 10330 | Ami L. Riscassi and Todd M. Scanlon | 2009 | Nitrate variability in hydrological flow paths for three mid-Appalachian forested watersheds following a large-scale defoliation | Riscassi, A.L., Scanlon, T.M. 2009. Nitrate variability in hydrological flow paths for three mid-Appalachian forested watersheds following a large-scale defoliation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114. | Journal Article | Nitrate (NO3) leakage from forested watersheds due to disturbance is a well documented but not well understood process that can contribute to the degradation of receiving waters through eutrophication. Several studies have shown that large-scale
defoliation and deforestation events in small forested watersheds in the eastern United States cause immediate and dramatic increases in NO3 flux to steams
| 10349 | D.M. Walters, A.H. Roy, D.S. Leigh | 2009 | Environmental indicators of macroinvertebrate and fish assemblage integrity in urbanizing watersheds | Walters, D.M., Roy, A.H., Leigh, D.S. 2009. Environmental indicators of macroinvertebrate and fish assemblage integrity in urbanizing watersheds. Ecological Indicators, 9: 1222-12333 | Journal Article | Urbanization compromises the biotic integrity and health of streams, and indicators of integrity loss are needed to improve assessment programs and identify mechanisms of urban effects. We investigated linkages between landscapes and assemblages in 31 wadeable Piedmont streams in the Etowah River basin in northern Georgia (USA). Our objectives were to identify the indicators of macroinvertebrate and fish integrity from a large set of best land cover
| 10342 | Mark A. Bradford, Jayna L. DeVore, John C. Maerz, Joseph V. McHugh, Cecil L. Smith, Michael S. Strickland | 2009 | Native, insect herbivore communities derive a significant proportion of their carbon from a widespread invader
of forest understories | Bradford, M.A., DeVore, J.L., Maerz, J.C., McHugh, J.V., Smith, C.L., Strickland, M.S. 2009. Native, insect herbivore communities derive a significant proportion of their carbon from a widespread invader of forest understories. Biol Invasions. | Journal Article | Research on natural enemies demonstrates the potential for exotic plants to be integrated into foodwebs through the activities of native herbivores. The quantitative importance of exotics as a food resource to herbivores is more difficult to ascertain. In addition, some widespread invaders appear to have minimal herbivore loads. Microstegium vimineum is one example.
| 10343 | Mark A. Bradford, Matthew D. Wallenstein, Steven D. Allison, Kathleen K. Treseder, Serita D. Frey, Brian W. Watts, Christian A. Davies, Thomas R. Maddox, Jerry M. Melillo, Jacqueline E. Mohan and James F. Reynolds | 2009 | Decreased mass specific respiration under experimental warming is robust to the microbial biomass method employed | Bradford, M.A., et al. 2009. Decreased mass specific respiration under experimental warming is robust to the microbial biomass method employed. Ecology Letters, 12: E15-E18. | Journal Article | Hartley et al. question whether reduction in Rmass, under experimental warming, arises because of the biomass method. We show the method they treat as independent yields the same result. We describe why the substrate-depletion hypothesis may not solely explain observed responses, and urge caution in interpretation of the seasonal data.
| 10350 | J. Todd Petty and Gary D. Grossman | 2009 | Size-Dependent Territoriality of Mottled Sculpin in a Southern Appalachian Stream | Petty, J.T., Grossman, G.D. 2007. Size-Dependent Territoriality of Mottled Sculpin in a Southern Appalachian Stream. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 136:1750-1761 | Journal Article | We quantified the space use behaviors of juvenile and adult mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii over a 3-year period in Shope Fork, western North Carolina. Our objectives were to (1) quantify home range size, (2) determine whether the fish exhibit territorial behaviors, (3) characterize the relative stability of territories, and (4) relate temporal variation in behaviors to environmental variability and population size structure.
| 10346 | Jennifer M. Fraterrigo, Scott M. Pearson, Monica G. Turner | 2009 | The response of understory herbaceous plants to nitrogen fertilization in forests of different land-use history | Fraterrigo, J.M., Pearson, S.M., Turner, M.G. 2009. The response of understory herbaceous plants to nitrogen fertilization in forests of different land-use history. Forest Ecology and Management, 257: 2182-2188. | Journal Article | Forests growing on former agricultural land often have reduced frequencies of many native forest herbs compared with forests that were never cleared for agriculture. A leading explanation for this pattern is thatmany forest herbs are dispersal limited, but environmental conditionsmay also hinder colonization. We examined the response of six forest herb taxa
| 10347 | Jennifer M. Fraterrigo, Scott M. Pearson, Monica G. Turner | 2009 | Joint effects of habitat configuration and temporal stochasticity on population dynamics | Fraterrigo, J.M., Pearson, S.M., Turner, M.G. 2009. Joint effects of habitat configuration and temporal stochasticity on population dynamics. Landscape Ecol. | Journal Article | Habitat configuration and temporal stochasticity in the environment are recognized as important drivers of population structure, yet few studies have examined the combined influence of these factors. We developed a spatially explicit simulation model to investigate how stochasticity in survival and reproduction influenced population dynamics on landscapes that differed in habitat
configuration.
| 10348 | Luke Pangle, James M. Vose, Robert O. Teskey | 2009 | Radiation use efficiency in adjacent hardwood and pine forests in the southern Appalachians | Pangle, L. Vose, J.M., Teskey, R.O. 2009. Radiation use efficiency in adjacent hardwood and pine forests in the southern Appalachians. Forest Ecology and Management, 257: 1034-1042 | Journal Article | The efficiency with which trees convert photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to biomass has been shown to be consistent within stands of an individual species, which is useful for estimating biomass production and carbon accumulation. However, radiation use efficiency (e) has rarely been measured in mixed-species forests, and it is unclear how species diversitymay affect the consistency of e, particularly across environmental gradients.
| 10359 | Susan C. Walls | 2009 | The role of climate in the dynamics of a hybrid zone in Appalachian salamanders | Walls, S.C. 2009. The role of climate in the dynamics of a hybrid zone in Appalachian salamanders. Global Change Biology, 15: 1903-1910. | Journal Article | I examined the potential influence of climate change on the dynamics of a previously studied hybrid zone between a pair of terrestrial salamanders at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, in the Nantahala Mountains of North Carolina, USA. A 16-year study led by Nelson G. Hairston, Sr. revealed that Plethodon teyahalee and Plethodon shermani hybridized at intermediate elevations, forming a cline between ‘pure’ parental P. teyahalee at lower elevations and ‘pure’ parental P. shermani at higher elevations.
| 10362 | Tim Kuhman - University of Wisconsin | 2009 | The Influence of Past and Present Land Use on Non-Native Plant Invasion in the Southern Appalachians | Kuhman, T.R. 2009. The Influence of Past and Present Land Use on Non-Native Plant Invasion in the Southern Appalachians. [dissertation]. Madison (WI): University of Wisconsin. | Graduate Publication
(Dissertation) | Some non-native invasive plants are well adapted for spread in forested landscapes. Such species pose a threat to forest communities in the southern Appalachians. Both contemporary and historic land use can affect invasion by non-native plants. Factors related to land use, the biotic community, and the abiotic template were investigated at local to regional scales in
western North Carolina to determine their roles in shaping the distributions of forest invaders.
| 10363 | Negussie Hailu Tedela | 2009 | Rainfall-Runoff Relationships for Small, Mountainous, Forested Watersheds in the Eastern United States | Tedela, N.G. 2009. Rainfall-Runoff Relationships for Small, Mountainous, Forested Watersheds in the Eastern United States. [dissertation]. Athens (GA): University of Georgia. | Graduate Publication
(Dissertation) | Runoff is a complex interaction between precipitation and landscape factors. While some of these factors (e.g., land use and cover, topography, soil characteristics, and hydrologic condition) have been defined for urban, rangeland, and agricultural drainages, runoff from mountainous, forested watersheds is poorly understood, especially in the eastern United States.
This study investigated the response of streamflow to rainfall on ten gaged, small watersheds in the mountainous forests of the eastern United States using two methods to estimate runoff; the semi-empirical curve number method, and the semi-distributed TOPMODEL.
| 10370 | P. D. Hazelton, G. D. Grossman | 2009 | Turbidity, velocity and interspecific interactions affect foraging behaviour of rosyside dace (Clinostomus funduloides) and yellowfin shiners (Notropis lutippinis) | Hazelton, P.D., Grossman, G.D. 2009. Turbidity, velocity and interspecific interactions affect foraging behaviour of rosyside dace (Clinostomus funduloides) and yellowfin shiners (Notropis lutippinis). Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 18:427-436 | Journal Article | Fish diversity is strongly affected by habitat degradation (e.g., increased turbidity) and invasive species. We examined the effects of turbidity, velocity, length, dominance and intra- and interspecific competition on focal point depth, movement rate, dominance and aggression rate in native rosyside dace (Clinostomus funduloides) and invasive yellowfin shiners (Notropis lutipinnis) in a southern Appalachian stream (NC, USA).
| 10365 | Peter D. Hazelton and Gary D. Grossman | 2009 | The effects of turbidity and an invasive species on foraging success of rosyside dace (Clinostomus funduloides) | Hazelton, P.D., Grossman, G.D. 2009. The effects of turbidity and an invasive species on foraging success of rosyside dace (Clinostomus funduloides). Freshwater Biology, 54: 1977-1989 | Journal Article | 1. Habitat degradation and biological invasions are important threats to fish diversity worldwide. We experimentally examined the effects of turbidity, velocity and intra- and interspecific competition on prey capture location, reactive distance and prey capture
success of native rosyside dace (Clinostomus funduloides) and invasive yellowfin shiners (Notropis lutipinnis) in Coweeta Creek, North Carolina, U.S.A.
| 10367 | Jennifer D. Knoepp, Katherine J. Elliott, Barton D. Clinton, and James M. Vose | 2009 | Effects of prescribed fire in mixed oak forests of the southern Appalachians: forest floor, soil, and soil solution nitrogen responses | Knoepp, J.D., Elliott, K.J., Clinton, B.D., Vose, J.M. 2009. Effects of prescribed fire in mixed oak forests of the southern Appalachians: forest floor, soil, and soil solution nitrogen responses. Journal oj the Torrey Botanical Society, 136(3): 380-391 | Journal Article | We examined nutrient cycling responses to prescribed fire on three sub-mesic, mixed-oak sites located in the Blue Ridge Physiographic province of the southern Appalachian Mountains: Alarka Laurel Branch (AL), Robin Branch (RB), and Roach Mill Branch (RM). Each study site was located within a sub-watershed that drained a first order stream. Our objective was to quantify the effects of prescribed burning on forest floor mass, nitrogen and carbon pools; and soil and soil water available nitrogen.
| 10395 | K.S. Simon, M.A. Simon, and E.F. Benfield | 2009 | Variation in ecosystem function in Appalachian streams along an acidity gradient | Simon, K., Simon, M., Benfield, E. 2009. Variation in ecosystem function in Appalachian streams along an acidity gradient. The Ecological Society of America, 19(5): 1147-1160 | Journal Article | Acidification is a widespread phenomenon that damages aquatic systems, and it has been the focus of intensive management efforts. While most management has focused on community structure as an endpoint, ecosystem function is also sensitive to acidification and important in stream health.
| 10378 | Jonathan P. Benstead, Amy D. Rosemond, Wyatt F. Cross, J. Bruce Wallace, Sue L. Eggert, Keller Suberkropp, Vladislav Gulis, Jennifer L. Greenwood, and Cynthia J. Tant | 2009 | Nutrient enrichment alters storage and fluxes of detritus in a headwater stream ecosystem | Benstead, J., Rosemond, A., Cross, W., Wallace, J., Eggert, S., Suberkropp, K., Gulis, V., Greenwood, J., Tant, C. 2009. Nutrient enrichment alters storage and fluxes of detritus in a headwater stream ecosystem. Ecology, 90(9):2556-2566 | Journal Article | Responses of detrital pathways to nutrients may differ fundamentally from pathways involving living plants: basal carbon resources can potentially decrease rather than increase with nutrient enrichment. Despite the potential for nutrients to accelerate heterotrophic processes and fluxes of detritus, few studies have examined detritus–nutrient dynamics at whole-ecosystem scales.
| 10380 | Ryan William Kirk - University of Minnesota | 2009 | Land Use and Terrestrial Carbon Storage in Western North Carolina from 1850-2030: A Historical Reconstruction and Simulation Study | Kirk, W. 2009. Land Use and Terrestrial Carbon Storage in Western North Carolina from 1850-2030: A Historical Reconstruction and Simulation Study. [dissertation]. Minneapolis (MN): University of Minnesota | Graduate Publication
(Dissertation) | The Southern Appalachian Mountains have experienced large and dynamic landuse changes since arrival of Euro-American settlers in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Following transfer of the land from Native American societies, successive
waves of immigration, development, resource extraction, and abandonment have driven land use over the past 200 years. There are large uncertainties regarding the timing and magnitude of these changes, and as a result, there are large uncertainties on the effects these land use legacies have on ecological processes and services.
| 10382 | J. R. Webster, J. D. Newbold, S. A. Thomas, H. M. Valett and P. J. Mulholland | 2009 | Nutrient Uptake and Mineralization during Leaf Decay in Streams – a Model Simulation | Webster, J., Newbold, J., Thomas, S., Valett, H., Mulholland, P. 2009. Nutrient Uptake and Mineralization during Leaf Decay in Streams – a Model Simulation. International Review of Hydrobiology, 97(4): 372-390 | Journal Article | We developed a stoichiometrically explicit computer model to examine how heterotrophic uptake of nutrients and microbial mineralization occurring during the decay of leaves in streams may be important in modifying nutrient concentrations. The simulations showed that microbial uptake can substantially decrease stream nutrient concentrations during the initial phases of decomposition, while mineralization may produce increases in concentrations during later stages of decomposition.
| 10388 | C. D. Camp,W. E. Peterman, J. R. Milanovich, T. Lamb, J. C. Maerz & D. B. Wake | 2009 | A new genus and species of lungless salamander (family Plethodontidae) from the Appalachian highlands of the south-eastern United States | Camp, C., Peterman, W., Milanovich, J., Lamb, T., Maerz, J., Wake, D. 2009. A new genus and species of lungless salamander (family Plethodontidae) from the Appalachian highlands of the south-eastern United States. Journal of Zoology, 279(1): 86-94 | Journal Article | We describe a striking new species of the lungless salamander family Plethodontidae from the Appalachian foothills of northern Georgia, USA. This miniature species, c. 25–26mm (adult standard length), is so distinctive genetically and morphologically that we erect a new genus, the first new genus of amphibian described from the US in nearly 50 years.
| 10393 | E.N.J. Brookshire, H.M. Valett, and S. Gerber | 2009 | Maintenance of terrestrial nutrient loss signatures during in-stream transport | Brookshite, E.N.J, Valett, H.M., Gerber, S. 2009. Maintenance of terrestrial nutrient loss signatures during in-stream transport. The Ecological Society of America, 90(2): 293-299 | Journal Article | Small streams account for the majority of channel length in river basins worldwide and are the primary conveyors of terrestrial nutrients to rivers and ultimately the oceans. The controls of stream nutrient fluxes, however, are debated. Classical models emphasize that nutrient transport in streams integrates nutrient cycling in the terrestrial watershed while others argue that in-stream processes control nutrient flux.
| 10396 | Noel Cressie, Catherine A. Calder, James S. Clark, Jay M. Ver Hoef, and Christopher K. Wikle | 2009 | Accounting for uncertainty in ecological analysis: the strengths and limitations of hierarchical statistic modeling | Noel, C., Calder, C., Clark, J., Ver Hoef, J., Wikle, C. 2009. Accounting for uncertainty in ecological analysis: the strengths and limitations of hierarchical statistic modeling. The Ecological Society of America, 19(3): 553-570 | Journal Article | Analyses of ecological data should account for the uncertainty in the process(es) that generated the data. However, accounting for these uncertainties is a difficult task, since ecology is known for its complexity.
| 10397 | J. Bruce Wallace, S.L. Eggert | 2009 | Benthic Invertebrate Fauna, Small Streams | Wallace, J., Eggert, S. 2009. Benthic Invertebrate Fauna, Small Streams. Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, 2: 173-190 | Journal Article | Small streams (first- through third-order streams) make up >98% of the total number of stream segments and >86% of stream length in many drainage networks. Small streams occur over a wide array of climates, geology, and biomes, which influence temperature, hydrologic regimes, water chemistry, light, substrate, stream permanence, a basin’s terrestrial plant cover, and food base of a given stream.
| 10398 | J. Bruce Wallace, S.L. Eggert | 2009 | Terrestrial and Longitudinal Linkages of Headwater Streams | Wallace, J.B. and S.L. Eggert. 2009. Terrestrial and longitudinal linkages of headwater
streams. In Canaan Valley and its Environs: A Landscape Heritage Celebration. Canaan
Valley Institute, Davis, West Virginia.
http://www.canaanvi.org/canaanvi_web/uploadedFiles/Events/Past_Events/Wallace%20&
%20Eggert%20Paper.pdf | Journal Article | Headwater streams are important habitats for aquatic invertebrates, amphibians and fish.
Within forested regions, headwater streams combined with adjacent forests and riparian zones are sites of organic matter deposition, storage, processing, and subsequent transport. In most streams draining deciduous forest, this organic matter from the surrounding forest provides the major fuel for the ecosystem.
| 4020 | Gragson, Ted L., and M. Grove | 2008 | Conclusion. In Agrarian Landscapes in Transition. | Gragson, Ted L. 2008. Conclusion. In Agrarian Landscapes in Transition. Charles Redman and David Foster, eds. Pp. 272-278. New York: Oxford University Press. | Book Chapter | No abstract.
| 4021 | Gragson, Ted L, Paul V. Bolstad, and Meredith Welch-Devine | 2008 | Agricultural Transformation of Southern Appalachia. | Gragson, Ted L, Paul V. Bolstad, and Meredith Welch-Devine. 2008. Agricultural Transformation of Southern Appalachia. In Agrarian Landscapes in Transition. Charles Redman and and David Foster, eds. Pp. 89-121. New York: Oxford University Press. | Book Chapter | No abstract.
| 10284 | Gardiner, N., Sutherland, A. B., Bixby, R. J., Scott, M. C., Meyer, J. L, Helfman, G. S., Benfield, E. F., Pringle, C. M., Bolstad, C. M., and D. N. Wear | 2008 | Linking stream and landscape trajectories in the southern Appalachians. | Gardiner, N., Sutherland, A. B., Bixby, R. J., Scott, M. C., Meyer, J. L, Helfman, G. S., Benfield, E. F., Pringle, C. M., Bolstad, C. M., and D. N. Wear. 2008. Linking stream and landscape trajectories in the southern Appalachians. Environmental Management. | Journal Article | A proactive sampling strategy was designed and implemented in 2000 to document changes in streams whose catchment land uses were predicted to change over the next two decades due to increased building density. Diatoms, macroinvertebrates, fishes, suspended sediment, dissolved solids, and bed composition were measured at two reference sites and six sites where
| 4025 | Valett, H.M., Thomas, S.A., Mulholland, P.J., Webster, J.R., Dahm, C.N., Fellows, C.S., Crenshaw, C.L., and C.G. Peterson | 2008 | Endogenous and exogenous control of ecosystem function: N cycling in headwater streams | Valett, H.M., Thomas, S.A., Mulholland, P.J., Webster, J.R., Dahm, C.N., Fellows, C.S., Crenshaw, C.L., and C.G. Peterson. 2008. Endogenous and exogenous control of ecosystem function: N cycling in headwater streams. Ecology (In Press). | Journal Article | In Press
| 3074 | Coleman, D.C. | 2008 | From peds to paradoxes: Linkages between soil biota and their influences on ecological processes. | Coleman, D.C. 2008. From peds to paradoxes: Linkages between soil biota and their influences on ecological processes. Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 40: 271-289. | Journal Article | Soils and their biota have been studied by a variety of observational and experimental methods that have allowed biologists to infer their structural and functional interactions. Viewing progress made over the last 10 years, it is apparent that an increasing diversity of analytical and chemical methods are providing much more detailed information about feeding preferences and niche overlaps of speciose groups such as oribatid mites.
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| 3096 | Kominoski, J.S., C.M. Pringle, and B.A. Ball | 2008 | Invasive woolly adelgid appears to drive seasonal hemlock and carcass inputs to a detritus-based stream. | Kominoski, J.S., C.M. Pringle, and B.A. Ball. 2008. Invasive woolly adelgid appears to drive seasonal hemlock and carcass inputs to a detritus-based stream. Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie 30(1):109-112. | Journal Article | Here we presented data from a 2-year litter trap study, conducted during the early stages of woolly adelgid infestation and hemlock decline. We assess the contribution of eastern hemlock to direct litterfall and lateral inputs to streams as well as entrainment of woolly adelgid carcasses by leaf packs in a second-order reach of Ball Creek, a headwater stream located at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (Coweeta), Macon County, North Carolina, U.S. (35°00’N; 83°30’W).
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| 3097 | Ball, B. A., M. D. Hunter, J. S. Kominoski, C. M. Swan, and M. A. Bradford | 2008 | Consequences of non-random species loss on decomposition dynamics: Evidence for additive and non-additive effects. | Ball, B. A., M. D. Hunter, J. S. Kominoski, C. M. Swan, and M. A. Bradford. 2008. Consequences of non-random species loss on decomposition dynamics: Evidence for additive and non-additive effects. Journal of Ecology 96:303-313. | Journal Article | To examine potential impacts of non-random species loss on ecosystems, we studied additive and non-additive effects of litter mixing on decomposition. A full-factorial litterbag experiment was conducted using four deciduous leaf species, from which mass loss and nitrogen content were measured. Data were analysed using a statistical approach that first looks for additive identity effects based on the presence or absence of species and then significant species interactions occurring beyond those. It partitions non-additive effects into those caused by richness and/or composition.
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| 4001 | Zeppel, M., C.M.O. Macinnis-Ng, C.R. Ford, and Emaus, D | 2008 | The response of sap flow to pulses of rain in a temperate Australian woodland. | Zeppel, M., C.M.O. Macinnis-Ng, C.R. Ford, and Emaus, D. 2008. The response of sap flow to pulses of rain in a temperate Australian woodland. Plant Soil. 305: 121-130. | Journal Article | In water-limited systems, pulses of rainfall can trigger a cascade of  plant physiological responses. However, the timing and size of the physiological response can vary depending on plant and environmental characteristics, such as rooting depth, plant size, rainfall amount, or antecedent soil moisture. We investigate the influence of pulses of rainfall on the response of sap flow of two dominant evergreen tree species, Eucalyptus crebra (a broadleaf) and Callitris glaucophylla (a needle leaved tree), in a remnant open woodland in eastern Australia. Sap flow data were collected using heat-pulse sensors installed in six trees of each species over a 2 year period which encompassed the tail-end of a widespread drought. Our objectives were to estimate the magnitude that a rainfall pulse had to exceed to increase tree water use (i.e. define the threshold response), and to determine how tree and environmental factors influenced the increase in tree water use following a rainfall pulse.
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| 4003 | McTammany, M.E., E.F. Benfield, and J.R. Webster. | 2008 | Effects of agriculture on wood breakdown and microbial biofilm respiration in southern Appalachian streams. | McTammany, M.E., E.F. Benfield, and J.R. Webster. 2008. Effects of agriculture on wood breakdown and microbial biofilm respiration in southern Appalachian streams. Freshwater Biology. 53: 842-854. | Journal Article | We examined wood breakdown and microbial activity on wood substrata in streams with different historical and current agricultural activity in their catchments. We analysed historical (1950) and recent (1998) forested land cover from large areas of the southern Appalachians and categorized streams based on percent forested land cover in these two time periods. Categories included a gradient of current agriculture from forested to heavily agricultural and reforestation from agriculture due to land abandonment. We compared microbial respiration on wood veneer substrata and breakdown of wood veneers among these land-use categories. We also compared temperature, sediment accumulation and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations.
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| 4004 | Burcher, C.L., M.E. McTammany, E.F. Benfield, and G.S. Helfman. | 2008 | Fish assemblages responses to forest cover. | Burcher, C.L., M.E. McTammany, E.F. Benfield, and G.S. Helfman. 2008. Fish assemblages responses to forest cover. Â Environmental Management. 41: 336-346. | Journal Article | We investigated whether fish assemblage structure in southern Appalachian streams differed with historical and contemporary forest cover.
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| 4006 | Bradford, M.A., T. Gancos, and C.J. Frost | 2008 | Slow-cycle effects of foliear herbivory alter the nitrogen acquistion and population size of Collembola. | Bradford, M.A., T. Gancos, and C.J. Frost. 2008. Slow-cycle effects of foliear herbivory alter the nitrogen acquistion and population size of Collembola. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40: 1253-1258 | Journal Article | In terrestrial systems there is a close relationship between litter quality and the activity and abundance of decomposers. Therefore, the potential exists for aboveground, herbivore-induced changes in foliar chemistry to affect soil decomposer fauna. These herbivore-induced changes in chemistry may persist across growing seasons. While the impacts of such slow-cycle, ‘legacy’ effects of foliar herbivory have some support aboveground, such impacts have not been evaluated for soil invertebrates. Here, we investigate legacy effects on Collembola population structure and nitrogen acquisition. We collected foliar material (greenfall) from trees that had, in the preceding season, been exposed to insect herbivory by leaf-chewing Lepidoptera.
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| 4007 | Frost, C. J., and M.D. Hunter | 2008 | Herbivore-induced shifts in carbon and nitrogen allocation in red oak seedlings. | Frost, C. J., and M.D. Hunter. 2008. Herbivore-induced shifts in carbon and nitrogen allocation in red oak seedlings. New Phytologist. doi: 10.1111/j.1469.8137.2008.02420.x | Journal Article | A dual-isotope, microcosm experiment was conducted with Quercus rubra (red oak) seedlings to test the hypothesis that foliar herbivory would increase belowground carbon allocation (BCA), carbon (C) rhizodeposition and nitrogen (N) uptake. Plant BCA links soil ecosystems to aboveground processes and can be affected by insect herbivores, though the extent of herbivore influences on BCA is not well understood in woody plants.
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| 4008 | Kramer, A.T., J.L Ison, M.V. Ashley, and H.F. Howe | 2008 | The paradox of forest fragmentation genetics. | Kramer, A.T., J.L Ison, M.V. Ashley, and H.F. Howe. 2008. The paradox of forest fragmentation genetics. Conservation Biology. 22(4): 878-885. | Journal Article | Theory predicts widespread loss of genetic diversity from drift and inbreeding in trees subjected to habitat fragmentation, yet empirical support of this theory is scarce. We argue that population genetics theory may be misapplied in light of ecological realities that, when recognized, require scrutiny of underlying evolutionary assumptions.
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| 4009 | Elliott, K.J., J.M. Vose, J.D. Knoepp,D.W. Johnson, W.t. Swank,and W. Jackson | 2008 | Simulated effects of sulfur deposition on nutrient cycling in class I wilderness areas. | Elliott, K.J., J.M. Vose, J.D. Knoepp,D.W. Johnson, W.t. Swank,and W. Jackson. 2008. Simulated effects of sulfur deposition on nutrient cycling in class I wilderness areas. Journal of Environmental Quality. 37: 1419-1431. | Journal Article | We predicted the effects of sulfate (SO4) deposition on wilderness areas designated as Class I air quality areas in western North Carolina using a nutrient cycling model (NuCM). We used three S deposition simulations: current, 50% decrease, and 100% increase. We measured vegetation, forest floor, and root biomass and collected soil, soil solution, and stream water samples for chemical analyses. We used the closest climate stations and atmospheric deposition stations to parameterize NuCM. The areas were: Joyce Kilmer (JK), Shining Rock (SR), and Linville Gorge (LG)
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| 4010 | Elliott, K.J., and W.T. Swank | 2008 | Long-term changes in forest composition and diversity following early logging (1919-1923) and the decline of American chestnut (Castanea dentate). | Elliott, K.J., and W.T. Swank. 2008. Long-term changes in forest composition and diversity following early logging (1919-1923) and the decline of American chestnut (Castanea dentate). Plant Ecology. 197: 155-172. | Journal Article | Chestnut blight fungus (Endothia parasitica[Murr.] P.J. And. & H.W. And.)) is a classic example of an invasive species, which severely damaged populations of its host, Castanea dentata, and had widespread and long-term impacts on eastern North American forests. Concurrently, forests were further disturbed by lumbering, which was common across the region from the mid 1800s to the early 1900s. In 1926, local infestations of chestnut blight were reported in the Coweeta Basin, Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina. We used permanent plot inventories of the Basin (first sampled in 1934 and twice afterward in 1969–72 and 1988–93) to describe the distribution of species along a complex environmental gradient. Specifically, we asked: How does vegetation change over approximately 60 years following logging and the demise of C. dentata?
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| 4011 | Walker, J.F., O.K. Miller Jr., and J.L. Horton | 2008 | Seasonal dynamics of ectomycorrhizal fungus assemblages on oak seedlings in the southeastern Appalachian mountains. | Walker, J.F., O.K. Miller Jr., and J.L. Horton. 2008. Seasonal dynamics of ectomycorrhizal fungus assemblages on oak seedlings in the southeastern Appalachian mountains. Mycorrhiza (2008) 18:123–132. | Journal Article | The potential for seasonal dynamics in ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal assemblages has important implications for the ecology of both the host trees and the fungal associates. We compared EM fungus distributions on root systems of out-planted oak seedlings at two sites in mixed southeastern Appalachian Mountain forests at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in North Carolina, from samples taken in mid-July and early September. Species level EM fungus type specificity, and identification in some cases, was enabled by direct sequencing of the mycobionts from the seedling roots.
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| 4012 | Walker, J.F., O.K. Miller Jr., and J.L. Horton | 2008 | Hyperdiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungus assemblages on oak seedlings in mixed forests in the southern Appalachian mountains. | Walker, J.F., O.K. Miller Jr., and J.L. Horton. 2005. Hyperdiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungus assemblages on oak seedlings in mixed forests in the southern Appalachian mountains. Molecular Ecology. (14): 829-838. | Journal Article | Diversity of ectotrophic mycobionts on outplanted seedlings of two oak species (Quercus rubra and Quercus prinus) was estimated at two sites in mature mixed forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains by sequencing nuclear 5.8S rRNA genes and the flanking internal transcribed spacer regions I and II (ITS). The seedlings captured a high diversity of mycorrhizal ITS-types and late-stage fungi were well represented.
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| 4013 | Knoepp, J.D., J.M. Vose, and W.T. Swank | 2008 | Nitrogen deposition and cycling across an elevation and vegetation gradient in southern Appalachian forests. | Knoepp, J.D., J.M. Vose, and W.T. Swank. 2008. Nitrogen deposition and cycling across an elevation and vegetation gradient in southern Appalachian forests. International Journal of Environmental Studies. 65(3): 389-408. | Journal Article | We studied nitrogen (N) cycling pools and processes across vegetation and elevation gradients in the southern Appalachian Mountains in SE USA. Measurements included bulk deposition input, watershed export, throughfall fluxes, litterfall, soil N pools and processes and soil solution N. N deposition increased with elevation and ranged from 9.5 to 12.4 kg ha-1 yr-1.
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| 4014 | Ford, C.R., R.J. Mitchell, and R.O. Teskey | 2008 | Water table depth affects productivity, water use, and the reponse to nitrogen addition in a savanna system. | Ford, C.R., R.J. Mitchell, and R.O. Teskey. 2008. Water table depth affects productivity, water use, and the reponse to nitrogen addition in a savanna system. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 38: 2118-2127. | Journal Article | We investigated annual aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and transpiration (E) of the dominant plant life forms, longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) trees and wiregrass (Aristida stricta Michx.), in a fire-maintained savanna. Experimental plots spanned a natural hydrologic gradient (xeric and mesic site types) mediated by soil moisture () and water table depth (WTD), and received additions of either 0 or 100 kg Nha–1year–1.
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| 4015 | Beckage, B., B.D. Kloeppel, J.A. Yeakley, S.F. Taylor, and D.C. Coleman | 2008 | Differential effects of understory and overstory gaps on tree regeneration. | Beckage, B., B.D. Kloeppel, J.A. Yeakley, S.F. Taylor, and D.C. Coleman. 2008. Differential effects of understory and overstory gaps on tree regeneration. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 135(1):1-11. | Journal Article | Gaps in the forest canopy can increase the diversity of tree regeneration. Understory shrubs also compete with tree seedlings for limited resources and may depress tree recruitment. We compared effects of shrub removal and canopy windthrow gaps on seedling recruitment and understory resource levels.
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| 4016 | Bolstad, P.V., and T.L. Gragson | 2008 | Resource abundance constraints on the early post-contact Cherokee population. | Bolstad, P.V., and T.L. Gragson. 2008. Resource abundance constraints on the early post-contact Cherokee population. Journal of Archeological Science 35:563-576. | Journal Article | We present the combination of an analysis of resource demand by the early post-contact (1721) Cherokee population with spatially explicit estimates of production for five key resources: architectural land, agricultural land, firewood, hard mast, and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We combine a recent synthesis of village location and population, a map of recognized Cherokee territory, digital terrain data, estimates of per capita demand, and productive capacity for each resource. Average, high, and low demands were estimated for each resource and assigned based on a weighted function of terrain and distance from each village. We conclude that Cherokee demands for architectural and agricultural land, hard mast, and fuelwood were easily met within a short proximity to each town under all combinations of production and demand.
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| 4018 | Mulholland, P.J., A.M. Helton, G.C. Poole, R.O. Hall, S.K. Hamilton, B.J. Peterson, J.L. Tank, L.R. Ashkenas, L.W. Cooper, C.N. Dahm, W.K. Dodds, S.Findlay, S.V. Gregory, N.B. Grimm, S.L. Johnson, W.H. McDowell, J.L. Meyer, H.M. Valett, J.R. Webster, C. A | 2008 | Excess nitrate from agricultural and urban areas reduces denitrification efficiency in streams. | Mulholland, P.J., A.M. Helton, G.C. Poole, R.O. Hall, S.K. Hamilton, B.J. Peterson, J.L. Tank, L.R. Ashkenas, L.W. Cooper, C.N. Dahm, W.K. Dodds, S.Findlay, S.V. Gregory, N.B. Grimm, S.L. Johnson, W.H. McDowell, J.L. Meyer, H.M. Valett, J.R. Webster, C. Arango, J.J. Beaulieu, M.J. Bernot, A.J. Burgin, C. Crenshaw, L. Johnson, B. R. Niederlehner, J.M. O’Brien, J.D. Potter, R.W. Sheibley, D.J. Sobota, and S.M. Thomas. 2008. Excess nitrate from agricultural and urban areas reduces denitrification efficiency in streams. Nature 452:202-205 | Journal Article | Anthropogenic addition of bioavailable nitrogen to the biosphere increasing and terrestrial ecosystems are becoming increasingly nitrogen-saturated, causing more bioavailable nitrogen to enter groundwater and surface waters. Large-scale nitrogen budgets show that an average of about 20–25 per cent of the nitrogen added to the biosphere is exported from rivers to the ocean or inland basins, indicating that substantial sinks for nitrogen must exist in the landscape. Streams and rivers may themselves be important sinks for bioavailable nitrogen owing to their hydrological connections with terrestrial systems, high rates of biological activity, and streambed sediment environments that favour microbial denitrification. Here we present data from nitrogen stable isotope tracer experiments across 72 streams and 8 regions representing several biomes.
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| 4027 | Jurgelski, W.M. | 2008 | Burning Season, Burning Bans: Fire in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, 1750-2000. | Jurgelski, W.M. 2008. Burning Season, Burning Bans: Fire in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, 1750-2000. Appalachian Journal 35(3): 170-217 | Journal Article | No abstract.
| 4029 | Sun, G., J.M. Vose, D. Amatya, C. Trettin, and S.G. McNulty | 2008 | Implications of groundwater hydrology to buffer designs in the southeastern U.S. | Sun, G., J.M. Vose, D. Amatya, C. Trettin, and S.G. McNulty. 2008. Implications of groundwater hydrology to buffer designs in the southeastern U.S. In: AWRA 2008 summer specialty conference. Virginia Beach, VA: American Water Resources Association. | Proceedings | The objective of this study was to examine the hydrologic processes of shallow groundwater to better define and design forest riparian management zones in headwater streams of two contrasting terrains in the southeastern U.S. We employed two long-term experimental watersheds, WS80 (206 ha) and WS77 (151 ha) at the Santee Experimental Forests in South Carolina, and WS2 (12 h) at the Coweeta Hydrologic Lab in the southern Appalachians in North Carolina. These two separate research sites represent a low-gradient and a steep mountain terrain, respectively. We argue that the existing forestry Best Management Practices (BMP) rules on buffer width developed from upland watershed studies may not be adequate in protecting water quality for the low-gradient coastal watersheds. Overland flow in steep upland watersheds rarely occurs, thus attention should be focused on managing subsurface flows and stream bank protections.
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| 4030 | Schenk, H.J., S. Espino, C.M. Goedhart, M. Nordenstahl, H.I.M. Cabrera, and C.S. Jones | 2008 | Hydraulic integration and shrub growth form linked across continental aridity gradients. | Schenk, H.J., S. Espino, C.M. Goedhart, M. Nordenstahl, H.I.M. Cabrera, and C.S. Jones. 2008. Hydraulic integration and shrub growth form linked across continental aridity gradients. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105(32): 11248-11253. | Proceedings | Both engineered hydraulic systems and plant hydraulic systems are protected against failure by resistance, reparability, and redundancy. A basic rule of reliability engineering is that the level of independent redundancy should increase with increasing risk of fatal system failure. Here we show that hydraulic systems of plants function as predicted by this engineering rule. Hydraulic systems of shrubs sampled along two transcontinental aridity gradients changed with increasing aridity from highly integrated to independently redundant modular designs. Shrubs in humid environments tend to be hydraulically integrated, with single, round basal stems, whereas dryland shrubs typically have modular hydraulic systems and multiple, segmented basal stems. Modularity is achieved anatomically at the vessel-network scale or developmentally at the whole-plant scale through asymmetric secondary growth, which results in a semiclonal or clonal shrub growth form that appears to be ubiquitous in global deserts.
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| 10277 | Peterman, W.E - University of Missouri-Columbia | 2008 | Effects of riparian buffer width on stream salamander populations in the southern Appalachian mountains. | Peterman, W.E. 2008. Effects of riparian buffer width on stream salamander populations in the southern Appalachian mountains. [thesis] Columbia, (MO): University of Missouri-Columbia | Graduate Publication
(Master's Thesis) | Not available from originating institution in digital format.
| 10278 | Hall, E.E. - University of Georgia | 2008 | Leaf-level physiological activity of Rhododendron Maximum in response to several environmental factors. | Hall, E.E. 2008. Leaf-level physiological activity of Rhododendron Maximum in response to several environmental factors. [thesis] Athens (GA): University of Georgia. | Graduate Publication
(Master's Thesis) | Not available from originating institution in digital format.
| 10281 | Kominoski, J. S. - University of Georgia | 2008 | Linking resource and consumer diversity to ecosystem function in a detritus-based watershed. | Kominoski, J. S. 2008. Linking resource and consumer diversity to ecosystem function in a detritus-based watershed. [dissertation] Athens (GA): University of Georgia. | Graduate Publication
(Dissertation) | Global species declines have prompted research exploring the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function. Earlier studies focused on terrestrial plant species richness effects on primary productivity. More recently, attention has focused on effects of leaf litter species diversity on decomposition in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Using a full-factorial design of litter from four dominant riparian tree species, we tested for effects of nonrandom species loss on breakdown dynamics (litter mass loss, litter chemistry, microbes and invertebrates) in a detritus based stream and compared results with data from a riparian study. Data were analyzed using statistical analyses that tested for additive effects of individual litter species presence/absence and nonadditive effects of species richness and species composition..
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| 10282 | Hughes, April H. - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | 2008 | The effects of cattle exclusion on stream structure and function. | Hughes, April H. 2008. The effects of cattle exclusion on stream structure and function. [thesis] Blacksburg (VA): Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. | Graduate Publication
(Master's Thesis) | Stream ecosystems can be influenced by cattle grazing in the riparian zone due to sediment input, nutrient loading, and soil compaction, which lead to alterations of macroinvertebrate and microbial activity. Recently government programs, such as the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), have provided funding for farmers to exclude cattle from streams and riparian zones. Funding for CREP is limited and does ot allow for post exclusion assessment. The objectives for this study were; 1) to explore whether CREP and other cattle exclusion initiatives help restore functional integrity to streams; 2) and if they do, to evaluate the time required for integrity to be restored.
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| 10283 | Welch-Devine, Meredith - University of Georgia | 2008 | From common property to co-management: Implementing Natura 2000 in Soule. | Welch-Devine, Meredith 2008. From common property to co-management: Implementing Natura 2000 in Soule. [dissertation] Athens (GA): University of Georgia. | Graduate Publication
(Dissertation) | The Basque province of Soule (department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France) contains more than 14,000 hectares of common-pool land. This land provides numerous resources, most notably summer pasturage, to the animal raisers of the province who, for centuries, have collectively managed that land under a common property regime. Under this system, the animal raisers must operate within boundaries first set by the French state and later added to by the European Union, although as long as their management actions do not violate those boundaries they operate with relative autonomy. Recent years, though, have seen both the French state and the European Union take a more active interest in commons management. At the same time, biodiversity conservation has arisen as a chief concern of the international community and of EU policy-makers. In 1992, the European Commission passed the Habitats Directive, which, together with the Birds Directive, creates a pan-European network of areas to be managed for social, economic, and ecological sustainability. This network, called Natura 2000, is made up of conservation sites on both public and private lands, and the common lands of Soule are covered almost in their entirety by Natura 2000 sites. The implementation of Natura 2000 is pushing the current system toward one of comanagement between resource users, state agencies, and other stakeholders yet to be identified. This dissertation research examines the co-management process that is slowly emerging and compares it to the existing management regime.
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| 10287 | John F. Chamblee, Carolyn A. Dehring, Craig A. Depken | 2008 | Watershed development restrictions and land prices: Empirical evidence from southern Appalachia | Chamblee, J.F., Dehring, C.A., Depken, C.A. 2008. Watershed development restrictions and land prices: Empirical evidence from southern Appalachia. Regional Science and Urban Econmoics. 39: 287-296 | Journal Article | The State of North Carolina's Water Supply Watershed Protection Act of 1989 required local governments to
adopt land use measures in watersheds to protect the water supply emanating from the watersheds. We
examine vacant land prices in the Ivy River watershed of Buncombe County, NC, at the time such regulation
took effect.
| 10291 | Brent E. Henry & Gary D. Grossman | 2008 | Microhabitat use by blackbanded (Percina nigrofasciata), turquoise (Etheostoma inscriptum), and tessellated (E. olmstedi) darters during drought in a Georgia piedmont stream | Henry, B.E., Grossman, G.D. 2008. Microhabitat use by blackbanded (Percina nigrofasciata), turquoise (Etheostoma inscriptum), and tessellated (E. olmstedi) darters during drought in a Georgia piedmont stream. Environ Biol Fish. 83: 171-182 | Journal Article | We used underwater observations to quantify microhabitat use for blackbanded, Percina nigrofaciata, turquoise, Etheostoma inscriptum, and tessellated, E.olmsteadi, darters in a 116 m reach of a Piedmont stream during 2001–2002. The sampling period and the previous 12 months were the first and second driest years on record, respectively. Spring 2002 had the greatest amount of available habitat,
| 10292 | J.P. Skyfield, G.D. Grossman | 2008 | Microhabitat use, movements and abundance of gilt darters (Percina evides) in southern Appalachian (USA) streams | Skyfield, J.P., Grossman, G.D. 2008. Microhabitat use, movements and abundance of gilt darters (Percina evides) in southern Appalachian (USA) streams. Ecology of Freshwater Fish. 17: 219-230 | Journal Article | We examined microhabitat use by gilt darters (Percina evides) in two streams in the south-eastern USA. Darters were over-represented in erosional microhabitats with higher average velocities and more cobble.Male darters tended to show stronger selection than females. Size-based analyses showed that larger (‡60 mm) gilt darters tended to use microhabitats with more heterogeneous substrata and more boulder than smaller (£59 mm) darters.
| 10294 | Audrey K. Owens, Kurtis R. Moseley, Timothy S. Mccay, Steven B. Castleberry, John C. Kilgo, W. Mark Ford | 2008 | Amphibian and reptile community response to coarse woody debris manipulations in upland loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests | Owens, A.K., Moseley, K.R., McCay, T.S., Castleberry, S.B., Kilgo, J.C., Ford, M.W. 2008. Forest and Ecology Management 256: 2078-2083 | Journal Article | Coarse woody debris (CWD) has been identified as a key microhabitat component for groups that are moisture and temperature sensitive such as amphibians and reptiles. However, few experimental manipulations have quantitatively assessed amphibian and reptile response to varying CWD volumes within forested environments.
| 10298 | Christopher D. Barton, Danielle M. andrews, and Randall K. Kolka | 2008 | Evaluating Hydroperiod Response in Restored Carolina Bay Wetlands Using Soil Physicochemical Properties | Barton, C.D., Andrews, D.M., Kolka, R.A. 2008. Evaluating Hydroperiod Response in Restored Carolina Bay Wetlands Using Soil Physicochemical Properties. Restoration Ecology 16(4) 668-677. | Journal Article | Carolina bays are shallow depression wetlands found in the southeastern United States that have been severely altered by human activity. The need to restore these complex and diverse systems is well established, but our limited understanding of wetland hydrologic processes in these systems hinders our ability to assess the effectiveness of bay restoration efforts.
| 10300 | Michael C. Dietze and James S. Clark | 2008 | Changing the Gap Dynamics Paradigm: Vegetative Regeneration Control on Forest Response to Disturbance | Dietze, M.C., Clark, J.S. 2008. Changing the Gap Dynamics Paradigm: Vegetative Regeneration Control on Forest Response to Disturbance. Ecological Monographs 78(3) 331-347. | Journal Article | Understanding the manner in which changes in disturbance regimes will affect forest biodiversity is an important goal of global change research. Prevailing theories of recruitment after disturbance center on the role of pioneer species; predictions of forest
biodiversity focus almost exclusively on dispersal and shade tolerance while vegetative reproduction is virtually omitted from models and serious discussions of the topic.
| 10301 | Michael C. Dietze, Michael S. Wolosin, James S. Clark | 2008 | Capturing diversity and interspecific variability in allometries: A hierarchical approach | Dietze, M.C., Wolosin, M.S., Clark, J.S. 2008. Capturing diversity and interspecific variability in allometries: A hierarchical approach. Forest Ecology and Management 256: 1939-1948 | Journal Article | There is growing recognition of the role of mechanistic scaling laws in shaping ecological pattern and process. While such theoretical relationships explain much of the variation across large scales, at any particular scale there is important residual variation that is left unexplained among species, among individuals within a species, and within individuals themselves. Key questions remain on what explains this variability and how we can apply this information in practice, in particular to produce estimates in high-diversity systems with many rare and under-sampled species.
| 10303 | Katherine J. Elliott, James M. Vose | 2008 | Pine Regeneration Following Wildland Fire | Elliott, K.J., Vose, J.M. 2008. Pine regeneration following wildland fire. In: Olberding, Susan D., and Moore, Margaret M., tech coords. Fort Valley Experimental Forest - A Century of Research 1908-2008. Conference Proceedings; August 7-9, 2008; Flagstaff, AZ. Proceedings RMRS-P-53CD. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 222-230. | USDA FS Publication | Pine regeneration following wildland fire continues to be a serious problem across the western and southeastern U.S. Frequency of large wildfires has increased over the last several decades and restoration of these burned areas is a major problem confronting land managers. Prescribed fires are used primarily to reduce heavy fuel loads and secondarily to reduce competition or prepare sites for natural or planted pine regeneration.
| 10307 | Joseph Davis | 2008 | Quantifying the Decline in Transpiration of Tsuga Canadensis and Predicting Water Budget Implications
of Succession in Southern Appalachian Forests | Davis, Joseph B. 2008. Quantifying the decline in transpiration of Tsuga Canadensis and predicting water budget implications of succession in southern Appalachian forests. Highlands Biological Station. 8-22 p. | Other | Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) is declining throughout the eastern United States as a result of infestation of the
hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA). As a principal species in riparian cove habitats in the southern Appalachians, its loss will have impacts on the hydrologic budget in these systems. To estimate the impact on the hydrologic budget, we quantified transpiration over five years for T. canadensis, and over two years for co-occurring species Acer rubrum, Betula lenta, and Rhododendron maximum.
| 10313 | Quentin D. Read | 2008 | Soil and Tree Ring Chemistry Changes in An Oak Forest | Read, Quentin D. 2008. Soil and tree ring chemistry changes in an oak forest. Highlands Biological Station. 56-65 pp. | Other | Changes in soil chemistry due to historic large-scale disturbances, e.g. pollution inputs, storm damage, and logging, have
previously been shown to cause similar changes in the nutrient concentrations found in tree rings. Repeated soil sampling in a reference watershed at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (Otto, NC) in 1970, 1990, and 2004 showed significant decreases in cation concentrations and soil pH.
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